What is a Breathing Air Compressor?
A breathing air compressor is a specialised high-pressure compressor designed to produce compressed air that is safe for human respiration. Unlike standard industrial compressors — which produce air suitable only for pneumatic tools and equipment — breathing air compressors incorporate multi-stage purification systems to remove oil, moisture, carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and other contaminants that would be dangerous if inhaled.
In South Africa, breathing air compressors are used across multiple industries. Fire brigades and emergency services use them to fill SCBA (Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus) cylinders used by firefighters entering smoke-filled environments. SCUBA diving centres fill aluminium and steel dive cylinders for recreational and professional divers. Industrial companies use them for confined space entry in accordance with OHS Act requirements, and marine contractors rely on hookah (surface-supplied air) systems for underwater work.
The key standard governing breathing air quality is EN 12021, which specifies maximum levels of oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water vapour, and oil in compressed breathing air. Nardi Compressori systems, when fitted with the correct PAC filtration cartridges and maintained according to schedule, consistently produce EN 12021 compliant breathing air.
Why you must never use a standard compressor for breathing air
Standard rotary screw and piston compressors used for industrial applications are lubricated with compressor oil, which produces oil mist and vapour in the compressed air stream. Even in trace quantities, oil mist in breathing air degrades lung function and can cause lipoid pneumonia with repeated exposure. Standard compressors also do not remove carbon monoxide, which is odourless and can cause incapacitation or death at concentrations as low as 35 ppm in a confined breathing circuit. Using a non-certified compressor to fill breathing air cylinders is a serious occupational health and safety violation in South Africa under the Occupational Health and Safety Act 85 of 1993.